❞ كتاب Methods in Molecular Biology Developmental Biology Protocols ❝ ⏤ Rocky S. Tuan Cecilia W. Lo

Biologically

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of life, its various forms and its function, how these organisms interact with each other and with the surrounding environment. The word biology in Greek is made up of two words: bio (βίος) meaning life. And loggia (-λογία) means science or study. Biology: the similarity of vegetation and animal cover on the edges of the African and American states, and the existence of the same fossil.

Branches of biology
Biology is an ancient science thousands of years old and modern biology began in the nineteenth century. This science has multiple branches. Among them are:

Anatomy
Botany
Biochemia
Biogeography
Biofisia
Cytology or cell science
Ecology or environmental science

نبذه عن الكتاب:

Developmental Biology Protocols
Overview III
Rocky S. Tuan and Cecilia W. Lo
1. Introduction
The marriage of cell and molecular biology with embryology has produced remarkable advances for the field of developmental biology. In this third volume of Developmental Biology Protocols, contemporary, practical methods are first presented for the
analysis and manipulation of developmental gene expression. To illustrate how such
techniques, as well as procedures of experimental embryology including those
described in the first two volumes of the series, may be applied in the study of development, a panoramic collection of experimental models of morphogenesis, development,
and cellular differentiation are detailed. Both in vivo and in vitro systems are included.
The volume concludes with various examples of developmental models of diseases
and their molecular basis.
2. Manipulation of Developmental Gene Expression and Function
Drosophila has been and remains one of the most versatile model systems for the
manipulation of developmental gene expression. Chapter 2 focuses on a description of
the experimental approaches currently used in ectopic gene expression in Drosophila
to examine the function of a given gene in the desired tissue. Chapter 3 deals with the
utilization of the highly efficient FLP/FRT yeast site-specific recombination system to
generate somatic and germline clones in Drosophila for phenotypic analysis and screening.
Chapters 3 and 4 address the methods used to alter gene expression as well as gene
function in another experimentally highly accessible system, the developing chick
embryo. Chapter 3 describes the application of antisense oligonucleotides to “knock
down” gene expression in somitic stage chick embryos, whereas Chapter 4 discusses
how functional neutralizing monoclonal antibodies may be used to block the activity of
a specific gene product, N-cadherin, in the developing chick embryonic limb bud.

Biology
Human biology
Who is the founder of biology?
The importance of biology
Areas of work in the field of biology
Theories of biology
Research on biology for the first grade of secondary school
Human biology